Countries around the world are beginning to embrace biofuels as an alternative to, or a means to reduce the use of, petroleum-based transportation fuels. The US Renewable Fuels Standard enacted in The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 requires the use of cellulosic and other advanced biofuels starting in 2009, with rapid year over year increases to 21 billion gallons by 2022, a compounded annual growth rate in excess of 30% (See Figure). As another example, the European Commission plans to substitute progressively 20% of conventional fossil fuels with alternative fuels in the transport sector by 2020, with an intermediate goal set at 5.75% in 2010.