There is an obvious need for renewable alternatives to petroleum-derived gasoline and diesel fuels to reduce the demand for foreign oil and its inherent security and price instability issues. The problem is one of scale. Even if all of the grain crops were to be converted into gasoline, it would not be sufficient to meet the growing demand for transportation fuel. Conversion of all these products to transportation fuels would also exacerbate food shortages, which are becoming a global crisis. According to both the US Department of Energy and the US Department of Agriculture, there is sufficient biomass (non food-based organic matter such as corn stover, switchgrass, waste paper, waste wood, water plants and other non-food biomass sources) available (1.3 billion tons per year) to supply US fuel demand if properly converted. The yeast strains and processes Arbor Fuel is creating will allow these biomass sources to be economically converted into renewable bioethanol and biobutanol.